The Role of Vertical Integration in the Shipping Industry

The Role of Vertical Integration in the Shipping Industry

There is little integration of shipping with production; the few instances accord with the institutional theory of the firm. The variety and flexibility of shipping contracts give many of the advantages of vertical integration without its costs.

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Eliminating Railway Deficits. The Effects for Australia

Problems associated with subsidising Australian non-urban rail services are revisited by evaluating the macro-economic impacts of a policy that would eliminate railway deficits. The model used demonstrates how several policy scenarios for the abolition of railway subsidies can be explored by simulating shocks to the economy. The results illustrate the range of economic benefits that could accrue from the abolition of subsidies and identifies interests most likely to benefit or lose from such a policy.

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