This paper tests the elasticities to time, frequency and interchange implied by an approach which combines these three variables into a single term and compares this approach with models which estimate separate elasticities. The forecasts obtained from different model forms can be appreciably different.

High concentration in the less-than-truckload motor carrier industry is examined from the perspective of the differentiated product theory. Under the condition that cost increases of high service quality are within the limits that shippers are willing to pay, only a small number of competing carriers can co-exist.

The paper examines the impact of deregulation on service co-ordination in the British conurbations outside London. Co-ordination decreased significantly in respect of timetables, fares and passenger information in particular in the period immediately following deregulation. Since then some aspects of co-ordination have improved. On balance, the author’s judgement is that there has been a net decrease in consumer welfare.